It sounds as if you need to get a phono preamp to amplify and equalize the output
of your phono cartridge.

Please read the Wikipedia (RIAA EQUALIZATION) discussion so that you will understand what is involved.

Does your receiver have an input labelled "phono"?

If so, it probably has a phono preamp circuit internally.

Look at Audio Advisor or Needle Doctor for the range of phono preamps available.