This article from Technology Review discusses a device marketed by Northstar Neuroscience that uses electric stimulation of the cerebral cortex to "enhance the brain's natural neuroplasty"—the ability of the brain to "reorganize" itself to effect repairs.

I used to work in an extended care facility, where, among other patients, we had many stroke victims who were re-learning to speak, use utensils, and perform other tasks they hadn't even thought about since childhood. It was obviously a long, hard slog, and frustrating as all get-out. Anything that can hasten that will be a mitzvah.