Nevermind, I figured it out.

I haven't tried this yet because I don't have the cables, but this is what I plan.

My PC sound card has Line-In input and S/PDIF optical input. My A/V receiver that my turntable is connected to has S/PDIF output, and tape output. I can send any input source to the S/PDIF output or the tape output.

I plan to try the S/PDIF output from my A/V receiver to my computer's S/PDIF input, and I will also try the tape output from my A/V to the Line-In input on my sound card. Burn, listen, and pick whichever sounds better.

I haven't chosen software for the WAV file editing and cleaning up any pops and clicks, but I run Linux so the solutions applicable to Windows and Mac won't do. I'm sure there's something suitable.